ABSTRACT
Highly reproducible and simple protocol for cotton somatic embryogenesis is described here by using different concentrations of maltose, glucose, sucrose and fructose. Maltose (30 g/l) is the best carbon source for embryogenic callus induction and glucose (30 g/l) was suitable for induction, maturation of embryoids and plant regeneration. Creamy white embryogenic calli of hypocotyl explants were formed on medium containing MS basal salts, myo-inositol (100 mg/l), thiamine HCI (0.3 mg/l), picloram (0.3 mg/l), Kin (0.1 mg/l) and maltose (30 g/l). During embryo induction and maturation, accelerated growth was observed in liquid medium containing NH3NO4 (1 g/l), picloram (2.0 mg/l), 2 ip (0.2 mg/l), Kin (0.1 mg/l) and glucose (30 g/l). Before embryoid induction, large clumps of embryogenic tissue were formed. These tissues only produced viable embryoids. Completely matured somatic embryos were germinated successfully on the medium fortified with MS salts, myo-inositol (50 mg/l), thiamine HCl (0.2 mg/l), GA3 (0.2 mg/l), BA (1.0 mg/l) and glucose (30 g/l). Compared with earlier reports, 65% of somatic embryo germination was observed. The abnormal embryo formation was highly reduced by using glucose (30 g/l) compared to other carbon sources. The regenerated plantlets were fertile but smaller in height than the seed derived control plants.
Subject(s)
Carbon/chemistry , Cell Proliferation , Culture Media/pharmacology , Culture Techniques , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fructose/pharmacology , Germination , Glucose/metabolism , Gossypium/metabolism , Inositol/chemistry , Maltose/pharmacology , Picloram/pharmacology , Plant Physiological Phenomena , Plant Shoots , Regeneration , Sucrose/pharmacology , Thiamine/chemistryABSTRACT
Soya infant formulas are essential for infants intolerant to cow's milk. Soya formulas contains glucose syrup or maltodextrins instead of Lactose, which has led to concern that they are potentially more cariogenic than standard infant formulas containing lactose. The study was conducted to compare the acidogenic effect of Soya Infant formula, infant formula and bovine milk. The study group consisted of 75 children in the age group of 7-10 years. The plaque pH was measured using plaque pH meter, before and after rinsing with different samples for sixty minutes Soya infant formula is found to be more acidogenic than infant formula (with lactose) and bovine milk. This study demonstrates high caries inducing potential of Soya infant formula. Further awareness of the possible role of Soya infant formula in early childhood caries is required.
Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Animals , Cariogenic Agents/pharmacology , Cattle , Child , Dental Plaque/physiopathology , Dietary Carbohydrates/pharmacology , Dietary Sucrose/pharmacology , Glucose/pharmacology , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Infant , Infant Food , Lactose/pharmacology , Maltose/pharmacology , Milk/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Glycine max/chemistryABSTRACT
Algunos autores han demostrado que la maltosa inhibe la formación de glucanos insolubles por el S. mutans, al interferir su mecanismo de adhesión. Esta investigación preliminar se realizó para conocer el efecto de la maltosa incorporada a un gel para el cepillado de los dientes, sobre el grado de infección por el S. mutans en la saliva y sobre la higiene bucal. En 8 participantes (personal estomatológico) se aplicó la técnica de Matsukubo (modificada) y se determinó la higiene bucal mediante los índices de Love y el IHB-S; se formaron 2 grupos y se utilizó una prueba cruzada en 2 etapas. Se halló que el cepillado con el gel-maltosa redujo el grado de infección por el S. mutans en el 50,5 % al compararse con el control, mientras que el efecto sobre los índices de higiene bucal no presentaron diferencias significativas. Se discuten los resultados y se concluye que se precisa valorar su efecto en la prevención de caries mediante un ensayo clínico de un año de duración